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Sunday 11 October 2020

Ben Springate Titheridge – WW2 Prisoner of War

Today’s blog is about Ben Springate Titheridge, who in World War 2 was taken Prisoner of War by the Japanese on Christmas Day 1941.


Ben was descended from the Titheridges of Cheriton, being the 6 times great grandson of John Titheridge and Anne Quallat. His parents were William Henry Titheridge and Annie Eliza Springate and he was one of four boys, all born in Portsmouth. The boys were 

William Brownelle Titheridge born 1910 and died in 1967 in Gosport

Peter Alistair Gordon Titheridge born 1914 and died 2010 in Lee on Solent

Ben Springate Titheridge born 17 April 1920 and died 1 December 2008 in Gosport 

Robert Springate Titheridge born 1922 and died 1963 in Portsmouth.


Ben’s father’s family tree can be found at these links Family Tree of Cheriton leading to the Family Tree of Alverstoke . Ben was just 14 when his mother, Annie, died aged 43 in 1934. Three years later his father, William, remarried to Edith Walker. William had served in the Royal Navy during WW1, more about his story can be found at this link . William retired from the Navy in 1926 aged 50. In August 1939 at the outbreak of war he was recalled to the Navy, and on the 1939 Register, taken in September 1939, he is shown Naval officer with the rank of Lieutenant Commander. On the 1939 Register Ben was at home with his father and stepmother living at Penlee, Montserrat Road, Lee-on-Solent Hampshire. He was working as an apprentice joiner.



All of William’s four sons answered the call to arms and fought in World War 2. Eldest son, William, was already serving in the Royal Air Force at the outbreak of war. Peter joined the Royal Navy and after the war served in The Royal Navy Reserve for many years, retiring with the rank of Commander. Robert served in the Royal Marines and later the Fleet Air Army as a glider pilot.


Ben joined the Army and the records show he was in the Royal Engineers, 22 Fortress Company, service number 2116437 with rank of Sapper. According to Ben’s brother he was 21 when he joined up, probably joining early in 1941. Ben was sent to Hong Kong in the latter half of 1941. According to his brother he had only been there a few weeks when on 8 December 1941 Japan declared war on the USA by attacking Pearl Harbour. Hours after the Pearl Harbour attack the Japanese attacked Hong Kong. Around 1,500 troops were killed by the Japanese in the subsequent fighting. After 18 days of fierce fighting the allied troops were overwhelmed by the large number of Japanese that had invaded this British territory. On Christmas Day 1941 the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Mark Young, was forced to surrender to the Japanese. The Japanese continued to occupy Hong Kong throughout the war, until Japan surrendered on VJ Day (15 August 1945).


Over 6500 survivors of the conflict were taken into captivity. Those taken prisoner endured terrible suffering or death. Japanese prisoners of war were either held in Japan or in the far east countries occupied by the Japanese. The prisoners were both members of the military and civilians who had been in the far east at the outbreak of war. Conditions endured in the camps were tough with no obeyance of the Geneva Convention. Ill health was rife with the major problems being malnutrition, dysentery, malaria and cholera. The death toll from these conditions was high but other causes of death included the work the prisoners were made to do and the punishments they had to endure.


Ben Titheridge was among those taken prisoner. For those fearful sitting at home news was slow to filter back to England. It was 23 January 1942 before Ben’s name appeared on the War Office Casualty List, reported as missing on 25 December 1941 (the day of surrender). It was 18 August 1942 that his name again appeared on the War Office Casualty List, this time reporting that he was a prisoner of war. His family had suffered 8 months not knowing what had happened to him. This article appeared in the local paper.

Hampshire Telegraph 6 November 1942

Serving Family

Sapper B S Titheridge, R.E., who was missing after the capitulation of Hong Kong, has since been reported as a prisoner of war in Japanese-occupied territory. Ben Titheridge was well known locally and is the third son of a family of four, all of whom are serving – one with the RAF, one with the Royal Marines, and another in the Royal Navy. Their father, Lieut-Comdr. Titheridge, of Penlee, Montserrat Road, Lee-on-Solent, is also serving with the Royal Navy.

Ben remained a prisoner of war for over 3 years 8 months. He was liberated on 2 September 1945 from Shamshuipo Prisoner of War Camp in Hong Kong. For the family at home they still had to wait until 27 September 1945 before the War Office Casualty List reported he was alive and had been freed from the Prisoner of War Camp.


Ben returned home to Portsmouth, but was left permanently disabled from his war time experience. He never married and lived in Gosport until his death in December 2008 aged 88.


VJ Day commemorations in August this year made me aware that I knew very little about World War 2 in the far east. Since then I have been reading about the war against Japan and Japanese Prisoner of War camps. I have been deeply moved by the numerous personal accounts of survivors of these prisoners of war camps and the terrible conditions they endured.


If you are related to Ben and can add to this story please get in touch. Email: titheradgegenealogy@gmail.com


Saturday 15 August 2020

VJ Day




Today, 15 August 2020, is the 75th Anniversary of VJ Day (Victory over Japan Day.). We commemorate 75 years since Japan surrendered and the Second World War ended.

While Victory in Europe occurred on 8 May 1945 there were many armed forces personnel still fighting against the Japanese in the Far East. Fighting here lasted for another 3 months. Tens of thousands of men from Britain and the Commonwealth were involved in this fight against the Japanese. Many died in the conflict and many were held prisoner.

Today we remember all those who served in the Far East in World War 2. We remember those who sacrificed their lives and those who were involved in the fighting or held prisoner of war, many of whom suffered both physically and mentally from the conflict.

I thought it appropriate that we remember some of our family members who were in the far east at this time. It is hard to access records of the Second World War and therefore my list of those who were involved in this aspect of the war may be incomplete. Those known to be involved are ;


George William James Titheridge born 1912 and died 1943

George was a Royal Engineer who died in Sankrai Prisoner of War Camp on the Thailand - Burma Border


Ben Springate Titheridge born 1920 and died 2008

Ben was a Royal Engineer who spent nearly 4 years as a Prisoner of War in a Hong Kong POW camp.


Alan Courtney Tytheridge born 1889 died 1959

Alan was a civilian living in Japan. He was imprisoned by the Japanese in Yokohama Camp. Alan’s story of life in a Prisoner of War Camp can be read at this link.



In a future blog I will tell the story of George and Ben.

If you can add to the list or add further information about the above individuals please email me: titheragegenealog@gmail.com


Monday 27 July 2020

Nearly 500 Years of Titheridge History

Old Records


Often when writing about the Titheridge family I mention that individuals are related to John Titheridge and Ann Quallat who married in Cheriton in 1663. You may think that these are the oldest records we have found. This is not the case, and we have identified about 35 individuals who were born before 1663. The problem is that we have no evidence to connect these individuals to John and Ann.

There are many difficulties when looking at old Parish Records. The old records are often illegible and reading them can be impossible, unless you are an expert in reading Old English. Another problem is that a lot of parishes do not have records that go back beyond the 18th century, many of the older records have not survived.

This blog lists what records we have found in Hampshire before 1665 and are therefore over 355 years old. The spelling variations of the surname are quite impressive and include Titheridge, Tytheridge, Titherygge, Tytheryge, Tetridge, Tederidge.

Basingstoke 497 years ago 


Last month we were very excited when we came across the oldest family record yet found. The record is from the reign of Henry VIII, who was on the English throne from 1509-1547. The source of this find is the Lay Subsidy Rolls of 1523 for Basingstoke, Hampshire. Basingstoke is a town 18 miles to the north east of Winchester.

Lay Subsidy was a tax that was levied by Henry Vlll, to help finance his campaigns in France. An individual was taxed on income from freehold land, the value of moveable goods, or their wages. An individual was only taxed in one of these categories and the tax was paid in the place he lived.  On 21 May 1523 parliament granted an annual subsidy for four years, to be assessed each year. For the first two years, land was assessed at 12 pence in the pound, and moveable goods at the rate of 12 pence in the pound for those who owned £20 of goods, and 6 pence in the pound for those who owned 40 shillings.-£20 of goods. Persons who were paid annual wages of more than 20 shillings. were charged 4 pence annually.

The Lay Subsidy Roll for Basingstoke shows the total amount of tax levied in Basingstoke was £65 5 shillings. Some of the richer residents were charged up to £4. Among those listed to pay the tax is James Titherygge who needed to pay 2 shillings.

Avington and Chilcomb 475 years ago 


We have found records between 1539 and 1542 relating to Ricardus Tetridge. These records are also in the reign of Henry Vlll. Ricardus died in 1542 and left a will. The will mentions his wife Marjorie, son William, an unborn child, his mother Alys and his stepbrother William Kynsmill, who is the Dean of Winchester Cathedral. We also have a record of Richardus Tytheryge marrying an Alys Hall in Winchester St Maurice on 6 June 1539. Ricardus’s will refers to land in Avington and Chilcomb, these villages are situated just to the east of Winchester. This story has been written about on the website, so please follow this linkto read more. There must be some link to the previous record in Basingstoke because Ricardus’ stepbrother William Kynsmill is known to have been born in Old Basing, a village two miles from the centre of Basingstoke.

Titheridge Families in Avington 410 years ago 


It is in the reign of James 1, in 1609, that the Titheridge name is found in the parish records for Avington, St Mary. The parish records only start in 1609 and between this date and 1686 there are gaps in the records surviving. From the records that are available we have been able to construct the following family groups.

Natham Titheridge and an unknown wife had 4 children, Emma (died 1610), Mary (born 1610), John (born 1618) and Margaret (born 1630).

Stephen Titheridge and Jane had 6 children, Elizabeth (died 1616), Alice (born 1625), William (born 1628), Jane (born1629), John (born 1631) and Constance (born 1635). Constance was probably buried on 29 Apr 1666 in Martyr Worthy, where the burial of Constance Tederidge age 29 is recorded. Stephen Tythridge was buried on 18 Jan 1641 and Jane, a widow, is buried on 10 June 1677 in Avington.

Three other Titheridges are mentioned in the parish records. Nathaniel, the parish clerk, is born 1622 and died 31 Aug 1653. The fact that he is the parish clerk suggests he was educated man and he could read and write. Also mentioned are William Titheridge buried 9 Jan 1609 and Elizabeth Titheridge, a widow, buried 27 Nov 1623.

Another reference to Avington is in Hampshire Marriage Licences which record.
“Roger Hocklie of Itchen Abbas married Frances Titheridge of Avington spinster. Father Nath T of Avington husb bond at Winchester St Thomas 9 October 1630”

With the parish records being incomplete it is impossible to tie these together in a coherent manner. One could speculate that John born in 1631 might be the John who turns up in Cheriton, but there is no supporting evidence for this suggestion.

Titheridge Family in Old Alresford 379 years ago 


In 1641, nineteen years before John and Ann’s marriage in Cheriton, another John Titheridge married Eme Garrett in Old Alresford. They had 8 children all born in Old Alresford, Nathaniel (born1644), Elizabeth (born 1646), Richard (born 1648), William (born 1650), Thomas (born 1652), Thomas (born 1653), Stephen (born 1655) and Joshua born 1660. No further records of marriages or deaths are found for any of these individuals. It is speculation that Joshua could have moved to Kingsclere / Basingstoke area to start another family group, but there is no supporting evidence for this.

Titheridge Family in Cheriton 357 years ago


It was in 1663, in the reign of Charles ll, that John Titheridge married Ann Quallat in Cheriton. This marriage produced a Cheriton family tree which is familiar to many, and which links over 1700 individuals with Titheridges remaining in Cheriton until the 20th Century.



Unfortunately, there are too many missing pieces of the jigsaw to join these records up. Any attempt to do so would be pure speculation. However, it is exciting to know that 500 years ago there is a record of the surname Titheridge with James Titherygge living in Basingstoke.

Below is a map showing the close relationship of villages of Chilcomb, Avington, Old Alresford and Cheriton mentioned above.

If you have Hampshire records before 1663 that I haven’t mentioned please email me : titheradgegenealogy@gmail.com



 

Tuesday 14 July 2020

Philip Titheradge and a Case of Measles

Philip Titheradge at Prize giving at Bickley Hall School in 1937

A Dangerous Virus


This is a quote from the Public Health England website:

“This is the most infectious illness known to man and is much easier to catch than flu or Ebola. This virus is spread through the millions of tiny droplets that come out of the nose and mouth when an infected person coughs or sneezes. You can easily catch it by breathing in these droplets or touching a surface where they have settled and then placing your hands near your nose or mouth, as the virus can survive on surfaces for a few hours.” 

No, I am not talking about Corona virus, this article was written long before anyone had heard of or even imagined corona virus. The disease is measles.

Measles starts with cold like symptoms followed by a rash, other symptoms can include fever, sore eyes, aches and pains, loss of appetite and tiredness. Measles can be serious and lead to life threatening complications. Complications of measles can include diarrhoea and vomiting, fits caused by fever and infections of the middle ear, eyes, brain or airways. Worldwide more than 140,000 people died from measles in 2018, according to new estimates from the World Health Organization.

Philip Titheradge


Today’s blog is the story of how a 9-year-old boy suffered after catching measles in 1935 and the lifelong effect this had on him. Philip Anthony Lester Titheradge was born in October 1925 in the Paddington district of London. He was the elder of two sons born to William Charles Titheradge and Lilian Gertrude Hicks. He was sent to Bickley Park School, near Bromley (Kent) where he was a boarding pupil. In July 1935 he was taken ill at school with measles.

Health care in 1935


The story takes place 85 years ago in an era before a National Health Service, and an era without many of the vaccines, such as MMR, that we take for granted today. The measles vaccine was not introduced to the UK until 1968. There were also no antibiotics for treating any of the complications that might arise from measles. Although Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin, in 1928 it took over a decade before penicillin was introduced as a treatment for bacterial infections and 1945 before it was introduced on a large scale.

Letter Home


Below is a copy of the 1935 doctor’s letter that was sent home to Philip’s parents which details the progress of his case of measles and detailing the treatment he received. The doctor was Dr Alfred Talbot Rogers, M.B., B.S. London with Honours in Surgery. Dr Rogers was part of a group of doctors working in Bromley near to Philip’s public school.

Blyth Lodge,
35, London Road,
Bromley, Kent.
Ravensbourne 4084
 
Re Anthony Titheradge
 
This boy fell ill on July 21st and by July 24th the rash of measles was well out. On the 25th his left eardrum was red but painless. On the 26th (still without appreciable pain) it was bulging, and on 27th as there was no sign of subsidence of the trouble an anaesthetic was given and the drum was punctured. The ear discharged freely but in spite of this tenderness developed in the mastoid and the bone was opened and drained by Mr R J Cann on July 29th. 

Two days after the operation a pleuritic rib developed in the left axilla, and subsequently practically the whole of the left lower lobe showed signs of consolidation. During the following week inflammation and suppuration developed (again without pain) in the right middle ear, there was however no mastoid tenderness or oedema and in view of the danger of a further anaesthetic in the presence of a lobar pneumonia the ear was left to discharge by itself which it has done freely since August 12th.

He was seen by Mr Cann on August 15th. Mr Cann advises that the mastoid wound should be dressed with eusol dressing (only packed lightly into the wound) that the discharge from the right ear should be carefully frequently cleaned away and spirit drops instilled.
If this ear continues to discharge for three or four weeks in spite of this treatment the mastoid bone may need to be opened. 

The pneumonic area gradually diminished, the temperature fell by lysis and by August 15th I could no longer find any area of bronchial breathing. I was a little anxious at one time that following on what must have been a streptococcal pleurisy – an empyema might develop but fortunately he seems to have escaped this complication.

A Talbot Rogers 
MB 
17.8.1935

His daughter, Penny, sent me this additional information:
“This letter contains details of an operation for mastoiditis for Philip Titheradge, August 1935. This took place at school and the operation was on the kitchen table! Philip was almost totally deaf in his left ear from this time on (he was not quite ten when this took place) and had a deep cavity behind his left ear.”

Healthcare in 2020


Today it is unlikely Philip would have caught measles since most children are given their MMR vaccine, to protect them against Measles, Mumps and Rubella, at 1 year old and this is followed by a second dose of vaccine at 3 years old.

The mastoiditis which Philip developed is a known complication of measles. The mastoiditis is a secondary bacterial infection of the mastoid process and today would be treated with antibiotics. Most bone infections are now treated conservatively with antibiotics, opening them up often makes things worse. It should be noted how ill poor Philip was, as at one time mastoiditis was a leading cause of childhood mortality.

The pneumonia which Philip developed was probably an anaesthetic/surgical complication, as it is quite common after anaesthesia to get a build-up of fluid in the lungs, which increases the risk of infection. Today this pneumonia would also be treated with antibiotics.

As for the operation on the kitchen table at school – well, words fail me!

Hopefully reading this article makes us grateful that we live in an age of the National Health Service, vaccines and antibiotics.

Our thanks to Penny for sharing this letter with us and giving us an insight to life in the 1930s.

The image above shows Philip just a couple of years later being presented with an athletics cup. The effects of his illness and operation did not prevent him having a lifelong love of and prowess in sports in general and swimming in particular, though he was prone to ear infections.

Sunday 5 July 2020

Peter Titheradge 1910-1989

Peter Titheradge about 1965
This blog has been written by Thain Hatherly with an introduction by Ann.

Peter Dion Titheradge was a very talented man. In his early career he was a writer of songs, revues, poems and radio programs. Later he worked for the BBC and is best known as a producer of many iconic radio programs. He is most famous for his work with the iconic radio program "I'm Sorry I'll Read that Again". A previous blog has covered Peter's earlier life and works and can be read at this link .

In this article Thain tells us about his and his wife's friendship with Peter. He has also transcribed some of the Peter's letters. Much of the blog is in Peter's own words and covers the period of his life from 1963 to 1989 and life after retirement.  Those of us who are older will remember many of the famous names mentioned in this article and we will remember, with a smile, many of the Radio programs mentioned, that we listened to in our youth.

 I would like to thank Thain for all the work he has done producing this article for the blog and for being kind enough to share his memories with us. The article is wonderful, and it gives us an insight into Peter's life. Hearing Peter's story from someone who knew him adds so much and reading it in his own eloquent words is just magnificent.


Peter Dion Titheradge 18th September 1910 to 21st March 1989 


I first met Peter Titheradge through my wife Pam. She and I met in 1963 at King’s College, London University, a sprawling maze of premises next to Somerset House. We were both involved in many activities including student journalism, the drama society etc. Like all students then, we had grants to live on during term-time, but needed to find temporary jobs to tide us over in the vacations. That was very easy in those days. Pam found temporary work as a clerk-typist through an employment agency, and one of her first postings in the summer vacation of 1964 was with BBC Radio at Aeolian Hall, New Bond Street, to cover staff holidays. At that time, Peter Titheradge was Light Entertainment Organiser, and so her ultimate boss. 

At the end of Pam’s vacation stint, Peter invited her to lunch at a posh Bond Street restaurant, and asked me too. He wanted me to be a stringer in his role as a talent scout. He had recruited Humphrey Barclay and other members of the Cambridge Footlights crew who had just returned from a tour in New Zealand and went on to Broadway in September 1964 – including Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graham Chapman, John Cleese, David Hatch and Bill Oddie. All of them went on to distinguished careers in radio and television. Peter had good Oxbridge contacts, and thought I could keep my ear to the ground for comic talent across the forty-odd colleges of London University. Some hope! 

The German degree course Pam was following involved a year of study abroad, so during the 1964-1965 academic year Peter took me under his wing and set about expanding my cultural education. His hospitality and generosity knew no bounds: he took me to venues like Covent Garden which I could never afford, and to the theatre and cinema. He treated me to sumptuous meals at expensive restaurants, or at his flat in Dorset House, Gloucester Place – completely unfazed by my uncut hair and student garb of patched jeans, lurid shirts and a sort of opera cloak I had adapted from a workman’s donkey jacket. Our friendship never looked back from then. 

In summer 1965 Pam approached the BBC direct, and again in 1966, and did several spells of temping at Aeolian Hall, finally working there permanently. From late 1967, she and I lived in Hamburg, and in 1969 travelled overland to Australia. With work-stops in Perth and Sydney, we drove extensively around Australia, before embarking on a French cargo boat to return to Europe via the Panama Canal in March 1971. 

We kept in touch with Peter by letter, and back in England, we had brief contact with him while we studied for a Post-Graduate Certificate in Education in Bristol, before he retired and at last travelled to see his sister Meg and nephew Adam in Masterton, New Zealand in March 1972. The following account of his travels is edited from Peter’s letters to us, written in July 1973 while (ironically) he was also returning to England by sea through the Panama Canal… 

‘Early in 1968 I was forced by the resignation of Humphrey Barclay (who moved to London Weekend Television) to take over the production of I’m Sorry I’ll Read That Again while continuing to function as Light Entertainment Organiser or LEO (under which guise Pam first knew me!). 

By the end of 1968 I had begun, after initial near-panic, to enjoy being a producer (a role I had refused twenty years before and only finally accepted under protest!). But although I was given an extra secretary, and David Hatch as co-producer, I found the double task of producing and being LEO too taxing for my dwindling genius, so I was allowed to give up the latter task and become a full-time producer. They also, touchingly, extended my tenure beyond my official retirement date (18th September 1970 – my sixtieth birthday) up to 1st April 1972 – so that, forsooth, I could complete exactly a quarter of a century with the BBC which I had joined on 1st April 1947. I gladly accepted of course – although my poor sister was expecting me in NZ for Christmas 1970 and had already practically aired the sheets! 

‘From then on life was thoroughly pleasant, though at times stunningly busy (far more so than when you first knew me). I was given the most amiable programmes to produce – nothing mind-blowing or really intellectually taxing (either to me or the public) – which included a cheery panel-game called Many A Slip, a spy serial The Dark Island, set in the Outer Hebrides and sufficiently successful to beget two sequels, a transference to radio of the old TV saga Dr Finlay’s Casebook (of which I did, believe it or not, fifty-four!) and of course the ever-continuing horror of I’m Sorry which had been responsible for this new and final phase of my ‘career’. (The height of irony was attained when I reached NZ, innocently thinking I’d escaped from it all, and bingo! Proceeded to hear nearly every one of my programmes on the radio there!)… 

‘But to resume – you’re not bored, are you? – during the same period (roughly 1966 to 1972) I contrived to have three major operations and three minor ones. I think I had already acquired my gluten enteropathy (allergy to wheat flour) while we were still in touch – it dates back to 1965. But don’t be alarmed… let it suffice to say that I never felt better in my life and haven’t had so much as a head cold the whole time I’ve been away. ‘

Then at last retirement loomed. I had produced and edited all my programmes by the end of February 1972 – some of which, I may say, were still being transmitted months after I left the country, so my name was still ringing round the land – enough to make one almost believe in a life after death! 

‘Having virtually finished all work in February, I had a clear month to sweep away the accumulated silt of twenty-five years in my office, pack to go to NZ (a five-week journey by every form of transport except mule!), and say my farewells. The latter seemed to wear on for an entire week, for I was given official luncheons, official teas (Pam will remember such functions in the Aeolian canteen!), and a cocktail party in Broadcasting House, and made three speeches of enviable wit and fire – they all had to be different too, because some of the same people were present on all three occasions. 

‘The festivities (or wakes according to the way you look at it) concluded with a champagne party of my own given to 130 guests in a large conference room in The Langham on Wednesday 29th March, and literally within twelve hours of shaking the last valedictory hand I was on the Golden Arrow for Paris on the first leg of my trek to New Zealand. (April 1st, my statutory ‘last’ day, happened to fall at Easter, so they let me leave two days early!) Reason for my precipitate departure wasn’t fear of the police but simply so I shouldn’t wake up the following Monday morning and think ‘My God, I’ve nowhere to go – I’ve RETIRED!’ – subtle psychological stuff! As a result I never have felt retired.’

 Another letter, written later in July 1973 from the same ship, en route for the Azores, continued thus: ‘Having written from Panama, and done my duty by others to the extent of 75 cards, I find myself with still a week to go of this unexampled leisure. Shipboard leisure is unlike any other – so little liable to interruption – no telephone, no-one calling to read the meter, no need to pop down to the corner shop for a packet of fags. Of course there’s always the chance of a typhoon, I suppose. Still, before that happens, I might as well get you and Pam up to date with my life-story – so stifle your yawns and sit up straight. 

I brought you to the point, I think, where on the very morning of my retirement I departed for Paris by train, boat, and train. It was Easter weekend, and the limes and chestnuts were at their delicate best. Indeed I’ve rarely known Paris so lovely – or so crowded! I escaped for one whole afternoon to the Père Lachaise cemetery and paced about, practically the only one alive, among the illustrious dead. I was much amused by Chopin’s grave – a small obelisk with his profile in bas relief and, underneath, the simple words ‘à Fréd. Chopin’. I shall always think of him now as good old Fred! 

‘From Paris I moved on to Amsterdam for a few days – my first visit, certainly not my last. Thence (via an afternoon at The Hague and the most exquisite Vermeer in the world) to Rotterdam, there to embark on a Rhine steamer. I enjoyed a leisurely four-day cruise upstream, inert and grossly over-fed. Oddly enough, the place that stayed most vividly in mind is not Cologne, not Coblenz, but Düsseldorf, although a side-trip to Heidelberg was interesting. I disembarked at Strasbourg for a couple of nights; then by train to Munich, where I visited one of Ludwig’s castles in the Bavarian Alps, and went to the exquisite opera-house twice. I liked Munich – hadn’t expected to, considering what it spawned. 

‘Then followed the highlight of my journey – eight days in a Europabus from Munich to Teheran. I wrote an account of it for my travel agent – he very kindly made some copies – I’ll send you one when I get home. Not because it is a model of English prose – far from it, I wrote it with a set purpose, and he had never booked anyone on the Europabus before – but it’ll save me writing it all over again here! 

‘Briefly, the route lay through Austria, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Istanbul (where we had two nights, and I fell in love with the place), and of course mainland Turkey. While at Teheran (which I hated) I flew down to Isfahan for one night. After that I took to the air for the rest of the way, touching down for a couple of days each at Delhi, Calcutta, and Bangkok. It was a sad mistake to revisit India; and I saw nothing at Bangkok except Americans. Then to Sydney for a week with friends in St Ives, during which we saw the Australian ballet (very good, I thought), and I found my grandfather’s grave. I was conceived in Sydney, so I always feel at home there! Finally, one afternoon, I flew across the Tasman to Wellington and the welcoming arms of the family. 

‘I must now pause to confess something I have not yet told anyone at home – which is that, on retirement, I had long planned to settle permanently in New Zealand. My sister had welcomed the plan, which was first formulated way back in 1965. It really did seem the obvious move – I was without ties in England, I had liked New Zealand on my first visit there in 1958-59, and Meg and Adam (my nephew – now 19) are my nearest and dearest. Economically it was practical too – my BBC pension is not large but, pooled with the family’s resources, it was adequate for a comfortable life. Such was the plan. The reason I told none of my relatives or friends at home was from a dread of farewells – forever – my intention was to announce it from NZ after a month or so there. 

‘As you will remember, I have no furniture or household effects (lost in a depository fire in 1953), so it was merely a question of having my books, pictures and papers crated, and saying that they were going into store! My clothes went into a couple of trunks and sundry suitcases. (And I told Ronnie Hill it would be too expensive for me to return to Dorset House, which God knows is the truth!) So there I was – fully uprooted – with all my worldly possessions going ahead of me by sea, except what I needed for the journey. 

‘Mind you, I talk of avoiding farewells – but I had to suffer them one-sidedly, saying “See you in a year’s time” with a gay laugh, while simultaneously genuinely believing I should never see them again. And now you will be wondering what has happened to alter all this. Let me hasten to say it has absolutely nothing whatsoever to do with New Zealand (I’m no ‘moaning pom’), still less with my welcome from the family. I was lapped in every comfort, my room had been planned and equipped with the greatest care and affection, with a multitude of cupboards and bookshelves and drawers, and the sun shone unblinkingly on one of the most beautiful countries in the world despite its being winter when I got there. 

‘My first two months were very happy indeed. I hadn’t seen Meg for eleven years, so there was much to catch up on, and it was great getting to know Adam again. I seem to have been born to retirement as the sparks fly upward – new routines of life took over smoothly, the more so since they were linked with Meg, with whom I had shared the earliest routines of all, those of childhood. I like New Zealand’s uncongestedness and cleanliness and quietness – and of course its beauty. 

‘Then gradually an obscure sense of unease crept up on me – which became, more distinctly, a sense of something missing – and what was missing was of course the familiarity of England. Not Britain, I hasten to say – none of that robust sort of flim-flam – equally not the theatre, ballet, opera, etc – not even my friends. 

‘No, I can put it in no other way than by the word familiarity. New Zealand stared back at me, beautiful but uncomprehending. England took me in, absorbed me, made me a part of her. Sounds sentimental, I know, but it was pretty basic. A matter of roots, I suppose, or age – or both. 

‘Anyway, I became unhappy, seemed to be in a cleft stick – cleft, what’s more, by myself – and the day I said to myself almost with a sense of discovery “But this needn’t be a life-sentence” was the beginning of release and of my eventual resolve to return. From that moment I could regard the enterprise as a holiday and extend it indefinitely with perfect equanimity. 

‘Of course, telling Meg was hellish – at a stroke it made her own exile so extreme – but she understood as I knew she would, which in a strange sort of way didn’t make it any easier. However, human nature is nothing if not resilient, and we all soon settled down again on the new footing. We caravanned up the Tasman coast in the summer – and a glorious summer too – and bathed and fished. I was taken for an exhausting but exhilarating two-day bush trek by friends of Adam’s. 

‘I visited the South Island twice and was given a marvellous time on both occasions by Meg’s multitude of in-laws. I walked the Milford Track, a wonderful 35-mile hike through the mountains of the extreme south, taking four days in superb weather. I had a week with friends in Auckland, New Zealand’s ‘swinging’ city – when I heard Ashkenazy play Chopin (good old Fred!) at the Town Hall, went to the theatre, saw a perfect first folio of Shakespeare in the library, tasted the fleshpots. 

‘I was given plenty of evidence of how very possible it is to live a perfectly fulfilled life in New Zealand – but still I wanted to go home – so here I am on my way! Ironically enough, no-one at home need ever know any of this – so far as they’re concerned I was going to be away for a year at least and am returning after 16 months. 

‘So that’s my story. It has been in many respects a distressing way, and certainly an expensive one, of learning something more about myself. Simply that I am not the footloose guy I thought I was! I shall miss the family sorely, of course – but it is my fate, and I must accept it, to be missing something whichever side of the world I’m on. One reason I’m returning by sea is that it’s the cheapest way of bringing the bulk of my clobber back with me, though even so I’ve had to leave behind a quantity of books and papers for later transmission when I have somewhere for them to come to. Where that will be, I have no idea at present. I intend to get the smell of the place again first. I’m pretty resourceless, so it will probably end up by being a back room in Balham. As I said earlier, New Zealand was the sensible course! 

‘But my immediate intention is a Grand Tour visiting sundry strategically placed friends and relations, which will take me into the New Year. After that I have plenty of invitations to stay with various people in London like old Humphrey. During this battening period I shall of course be prospecting with regard to a future ‘home’. Till further notice, though, continue to use Dorset House as my holding address. 

‘This has been a good voyage. We left Wellington on Monday 2nd July, twenty-four hours late due to a pilots’ strike, and had to miss Tahiti in order to make up time, which was disappointing – and which meant a long fortnight between Wellington and the Panama Canal without sight of land; but I enjoyed even that, for I’m never tired of gazing at the sea and the occasional scurry of flying fish. I started this letter when we were two days out of Curaçao. It has seen me across the Atlantic, for we now have only a day to go to Ponta Delgada (in the Azores) whence it will wing its way to you. 

‘We docked at Balboa late one night, and I went into Panama City by the bus next morning and walked around for a couple of hours. I found the passage through the canal absolutely fascinating, and watched every moment of our progress from sea to sea, eschewing all meals till we emerged safely into the Caribbean – not much of a sacrifice as it was a humid hot day and I’ve eaten enough on this trip to last me till Christmas! I kept my eyes skinned for the burnt-out Indian freighter – wasn’t quite sure which way you were going when you referred me to the port side, so peered at both, but no sign – they must have removed it. 

‘Did you touch Curaçao on your way? An odd island, I thought, dominated by the Shell refinery, but Willemstad looked charming as we sailed in. I had a pleasant stroll round it – and of course a sip or two of Curaçao! Since then there has been no excitement. I read a book a day on average, go to the movies every other night, and spend the rest of the time eating, sleeping, watching porpoises – and writing to you! 

‘Writing, moreover, at far too prolix a length for your patience, I fear, but there’s been a lot of slack to pull in. However, we’re more or less up to date now, I think, so I’ll shut up and take this along to the purser’s office for mailing. It is Monday 23rd July, latitude 34N, longitude 36W, and on Friday I’ll be in Southampton; London the same night. I can scarcely believe it!’ 

By the time these letters had bounced off my mother’s address in Maidenhead and caught up with us, Pam and I were back in Perth, Western Australia! Our attempts to buy the house of our dreams in the Welsh Marches during 1971-72 were foiled by a house-price boom, so in October 1972 we returned to Perth to earn a larger deposit. We corresponded with Peter intermittently till we came back to England in February 1975, before the birth of our first child, and bought an isolated cottage in Shropshire. A letter from Peter dated 30th April 1976 was written to fill in gaps in our knowledge since he had arrived back from New Zealand and landed feet-first into a new career: 

‘Arriving back from New Zealand after an eighteen-month absence, I was so shaken by the cost of things that momentarily I feared a pauper’s grave and, although in NZ I’d fallen in love with inactivity, I was quite glad to accept the BBC’s unexpected recall to freelance production. First it was a new domestic comedy series about (ironically) retirement, called Home to Roost, starring Deryck Guyler and Molly Sugden, two lovely artists, and it was great fun to do. 

‘Then I took over an existing series of P G Wodehouse adaptations (fortunately I like Wodehouse) with Michael Hordern as Jeeves and Richard Briers as Bertie Wooster, two more lovely artists, so that was great fun to do too. Home to Roost proved a success and Radio 4 wanted a second series, but by that time (Spring 1975) the axe had fallen and it had to be produced by a staff man. 

‘The dear good faithful BBC, however, then asked me to write a report on Revue – its history, its present state, its potential for a Radio 2 nostalgia series, etc; so I plunged into research and came up with twenty closely typewritten foolscap pages, such industry! On the strength of it they further asked me to assemble, and write the narrative for, a series of eight hour-long programmes, but by then I was sick of the subject – and had also discovered I could exist quite adequately on my income – so I said no. 

‘Then came the approach from the publishers I told you of (to write a history of Aeolian Hall). I must confess I was flattered, and I allowed myself to be given an extremely expensive lunch and said I would think about it. And indeed the idea was attractive, for I loved the dear old Aeolian. But finally the thought of writing forty thousand words in six months and selecting a hundred or so illustrations – nay more, the tedium of re-living twenty-five years of my past life – filled me with such melancholy that I fiendishly put them onto Ronnie Hill instead. He accepted, but has often since, much to my wry amusement, declared how wise I was not to! 

 ‘By this time people were beginning to think me slightly unhinged – you know how strenuous the average Anglo-Saxon is, and one seems to be surrounded by average Anglo-Saxons in this country – and it was this more than anything (well, perhaps the lure of a free fare north too!) that caused me to say yes when Manchester University asked me to lecture on Radio Comedy to their Penn State course, an educational sensation from which I have just returned. 

‘Amid all the above, of course, I had to find somewhere to live. I ‘gypsied’ around for most of my first year home – dear old Humphrey put me up for ages, and I had several spells back at Dorset House (by now grown too expensive to consider as a permanency). I spent my second year in an unsatisfactory flat (share of bathroom, you know the sort of thing), but at least it was in St John’s Wood which is the part of London I understand best (because linked with childhood and youth) and so I was on the spot when this place fell vacant, where the only thing I share is the telephone. I’m really very lucky to have hit on anything in St John’s Wood within my means because it’s a hellishly expensive area – I actually saw an advert in The Times for a furnished flat only two roads away from me at £110 a week!! 

‘Well, that brings me up to date. If you ask what I do with myself, well, for a start I’ve never lived alone before and it has been a revelation how much time, energy and wit it takes to feed, launder, and house-clean one solitary being. Practicalities apart, there is always something I should be doing (at the moment it’s my income-tax return) which I seem to end up not doing in order to do something I don’t have to do (like going to see Truffaut’s Baisers Volés this afternoon at the dear old Everyman), and this continuous slight pressure on my conscience provides just the irritant the oyster needs to achieve a pearl, and I a contented life. And certainly there never seems to be any time. But I suspect time, like money, adjusts to one’s temperament. In fact I think I’ve got exactly the right temperament for retirement – bone-lazy. 

‘Mentally, that is – physically, I’m a ball of fire and bound about London like some character out of Dickens – remember how they thought nothing of walking home to Walworth after a hard day’s work? I’ve no idea where Walworth is but it sounds most frightfully remote. Yesterday for instance I wanted to find a disused church in Tufnell Park (and you can’t get remoter than that) which has just been converted to a theatre and I walked all the way there from the Marylebone Road.’ 

Following this 1976 letter, Peter stayed with us twice in Shropshire. We saw Paul Jones’ Hamlet with him at the Ludlow Festival that year, and Henry V starring Mark Wing-Davey the following year during a third stay. In 1977, we moved to a village in East Anglia, where Peter again visited in September 1978 and April 1979. He was leading a very peripatetic life, and often sent us postcards from places all over the country where he happened to be staying. 

Late in 1980, Peter must have again made a lengthy visit to his sister Meg in New Zealand, for that year he sent us a Christmas card designed, made and printed by his brother-in-law Keith; and in March 1981 we received an aerogramme from him in New Zealand, the contents of which were simply his (very typical!) poem below: 

Alert the Royal Trumpeters! 
England again may laugh. 
Forth from the deep-freeze bring the fatted calf! 
For in the latter days of March 
(Get on with that triumphal arch!) 
Will come the Voyager, the Flyer – 
Rehearse the choir! 

Summon the Yeomen of the Guard! 
The conquering hero comes, 
You’ll know it by the pricking of your thumbs. 
For as the world from winter wakes 
(Away with melancholy, Jacques – 
Prepare to sing that thing of Blake’s!) 
He leaves the far Antipodes – 
Down on your knees! 
And if the time of waiting lags, 
Put out more flags! 

Sound, sound the clarion! Let it rip! 
You shall not sound in vain. 
Set London’s gutters gushing with champagne! 
For with the coming of the Spring 
(Ring out, wild bells, God damn you, ring!) 
Behold the Revenant, the Rover, 
His journeying over! 

Our last contacts with Peter were in the mid-1980s, when he came to visit us after we had been nearly out of touch for a while. By this time we had moved to Devon, and were buried in work and parenthood, but it was always lovely to see him. He had moved back to Dorset House, but was still very busy house-sitting for friends and swanning round the most interesting parts of England. 

In September 1985, he made another trip to New Zealand before his 75th birthday, staying for six months. A postcard in late November from Lake Wanaka revealed he was ‘in the midst of a mighty safari up and down and through the South Island of NZ, here for a week in a house overlooking this very fine lake. Up the Tasman coast next week to Nelson where my nephew Adam recently bought a small picture gallery…and a picture-framing workshop in which he is – thank God! – going mad trying to cope with floods of orders. Back to the North Island in time for Christmas’. 

At the end of March 1987, we received a brief letter from Peter, written from hospital in London: ‘Do forgive my impenetrable veil of silence, but my wretched old allergy …has been giving trouble and my weight has rocketed down. So they’ve hauled me in for tests and experiments with diet. In a perverse sort of way I’m rather enjoying myself, just sinking back on my pillows and watching everyone else milling around! I don’t think I’ll be here much longer than the end of next week…’ 

I replied a couple of weeks later, and at the end of April 1987 we received a postcard from Llandaff in Cardiff: ‘Thanks so much for a bumper letter, far more than my meagre communications deserve! The doctors seem to have pulled me round. Having gone down to six stone (didn’t know you could do that and live!), I am now well above seven and rising. Convalescing with my cousins here and being spoilt  rotten! Should love to come and see you later in the year but want to be really fit again first. I’ll give you a ring when I get back to Dorset House – should be mid-May. You seem to have quite enough on your hands at the moment!’ 

That, regrettably, was our last written communication from Peter. Although Pam and I were both ridiculously busy working in Devon and bringing up two children, Peter was also busy doing what he (and Oscar Wilde) called ‘a Bunbury’ – visiting country friends and relatives or house-sitting. We spoke by phone now and then to exchange news and discuss possible dates to get together, but didn’t actually see each other. A long silence ensued. 

As usual, we sent a Christmas card to Peter in 1990, and at the year’s end we were deeply shocked to receive a card in Ronnie Hill’s wild writing, penned on Christmas Eve: ‘Your card, addressed to Peter, brought me some sadness. As you may have suspected, he died on March 21st of 1989. He got very ill that time when he went to Llandaff and had to go into hospital early the next year. I was also in another hospital at the time, having had a bad fall, and he left us on my birthday, 21st March of that year. John Loney and Humphrey Barclay arranged the setting up of a trust to encourage and develop two young writers, so we were all happy about that. I do remember meeting you, and wish you and the family very well. With good – and sad – wishes, yours very sincerely, Ronnie Hill’. 

I was very upset not to have been able to attend Peter’s funeral, and in March 1991 I sent Ronnie a birthday card to arrive on the 21st, with a note asking for details of the trust and the whereabouts of Peter’s grave. There was no reply, and I assumed that by then he might have died too. 

Peter was a modest man, and although he mentioned his theatrical ancestors, I had no idea they were so famous and highly regarded. Similarly, he used to speak lightly of having ‘written some silly little musicals before the war’, but I had no idea of their extent and popularity (no internet then!). However, I did once ask about his wartime experience, and he lent me a document he called his ‘Credo’. Written at an all-night sitting while posted to some remote location in India, it was an exploration of his philosophy of life, his values and beliefs, and an assessment of where he stood, and how and where he would like his life to proceed. As expected, it was deeply thought-out, fluently expressed and extremely moving. 

The photo shows Peter at his office desk as Light Entertainment Organiser in Aeolian Hall circa 1965, gazing pensively out of the window. The pose is typical: a Woodbine between two fingers (and probably another forgotten and smoking on the ashtray beside him), and a cigarette pack held in the left hand. As usual, he’s wearing a bow tie, with a silk handkerchief peeping from his jacket pocket. On the back of the photo he has written: ‘For Thain and Pam, with love, Peter.’ 

By Thain Hatherly, June 2020

Sunday 28 June 2020

Esther Titheridge 1881 - 1967


After a long gap the blog is back! 

Esther Titheridge 1881-1967
Over the past few months I have taken a rest from Titheridge / Titheradge genealogy to concentrate on researching my parents’ families. The research has been concentrated on the surnames Westcott, Molloy, France, Brannan, John and Treble. I have had most success with the Westcott surname and have written up a small booklet on the family, as well as scanning and labelling all the family photographs. I have discovered that most of my family don’t have as much Welsh blood as I thought, as many ancestors came to Newport from Somerset to find work in the industries associated with coal mining in the Welsh valleys. The Irish side of the family have caused lots of difficulty. I cannot find where in Ireland Moses Molloy came from before he appeared in Newport. You would think with a name like that it would be easy! I thought the John family from the small village of Llanstadwell in Pembrokeshire would be easy, before I discovered that in Pembrokeshire the John surname appears more common than Smith or Jones. Brick walls everywhere, so I give up for the moment!


Hence, it is with delight I return to research the Titheridge / Titheradge name. This is so much easier – you know if you find the name anywhere then they connect to the family tree somehow.

My return to Titheridge /Titheradge genealogy has been further stimulated by contacts who found out about our research from the blog or website. In the past month, I have been lucky to be contacted by three wonderful individuals all offering helpful information. One person has offered to write about a Titheradge friend, one person has found me the earliest records of the Titheridge name and I have been sent some family photographs.

Nigel has kindly sent me two wonderful pictures of his great grandmother for me to share with everyone. These are the photographs of Esther Titheridge shown.

Esther was born 1 December 1881 in West Meon, Hampshire. Her father was Charles Titheridge, who was the 4 times great grandson of John Titheridge and Ann Quallat from Cheriton. Twenty-six-year-old Charles married Ann Garrett on 3 June 1873 at West Meon. They had 8 children, the first four born in West Meon and the latter four in East Meon. The children were

Ellen Titheridge birth registered December 1877
Emily Rosetta Titheridge born 3 November 1879
Esther Titheridge born 1 December 1881
Arthur Charles Titheridge born 2 Jun 1883 (see this link for information on Arthur)
Albert Titheridge born 10 August 1885
Mary Titheridge born 10 August 1885
Ada Florence Titheridge birth registered December 1889
Gertrude Adelaide Titheridge born 15 March 1897 (see this link for information on Gertrude)

Esther Titheridge in 1906 
at her marriage to Walter Nicholson

The 1891 census shows Esther living with her family in East Meon village. In the 1901 census she is working as a servant in Farlington. When Esther was 25 she married Walter Nicholson on 13 January 1906 at Bishop’s Sutton. Esther and Walter lived in Bishops Sutton, Kilmeston and then by the 1911 census they had moved to 1 Elm Cottage, Frensham, Farnham, Surrey. Walter and Esther had 5 children:

Ada May Nicholson born 1906 in Bishops Sutton
Arthur Edwin Nicholson born 1907 in Bishops Sutton
Edith Blanche Nicholson born 1910 in Kilmeston
Winifred Dulcie Nicholson born 1914 in Farnham district
Nora Joan Nicholson born 1917 in Alton district

The 1939 Register saw Walter and Esther living at Winters Farm in the Guildford area, with both working on the farm. Esther lived until the age of 85, she died in the March quarter of 1967 in Surrey.

Sunday 23 February 2020

The Secrets of the Parish Registers – Illegitimate Children

Looking towards Ide Hill from Emmetts Gardens, Kent
Parish Registers 


When researching your family history, you should always try to view original records such as Parish Records or certificates. You used to only be able to view Parish Records at the County Record Office, but now several subscription websites have images of the original records. The contents of the Parish Baptism Records can be very useful since most Baptism Records show the names of both parents, their home address, occupation of the father and sometimes the child’s date of birth.

Illegitimate Children


Children born out of wedlock can cause a problem for genealogists. Generally, only the mother is named and the child may later take on the name of the father or stepfather. The attitude of the Church of England clergy to illegitimacy varied; some baptism are written without comment, other clergy make a great point that the child has been born out of wedlock.

These baptism transcriptions illustrate the different ways the parish records show that the child is born out of wedlock.

West Meon
19 June 1881 Eva Mary Titheridge, daughter of Elizabeth Titheridge of West Meon.
Cheriton
22 September 1850 Harriett Titheridge, daughter of Harriett Titheridge a single woman
Alverstoke
6 January 1845 Rachel Titheridge, daughter of Elizabeth Titheridge a spinster from the poor house
Kilmeston
29 March 1807 George Titheridge, daughter of Lydia Titheridge. Illegitimate
New Alresford
9 December 1774 Robert Titheridge, natural son of Sarah Titheridge
Cheriton
26 December 1823 John Titheridge, son of Maria Titheridge a servant. Born 23 November 1823. Base Born.
Swanmore
25 June 1854 Sarah Ann Titheridge, daughter of Ann Titheridge from Swanmore. A Single woman. A bastard of a child.

Occasionally a little more help is available to genealogists, such as the mother adding the father’s name to the child’s name and sometimes the possible father is named and shamed in the parish records e.g.

Gosport St Matthew
11 November 1888 Mabel Dashwood Titheridge daughter of Margaret Titheridge of Quay Lane Gosport, A domestic.
New Alresford
05 July 1778 John Sealy Titheridge illegitimate son of Frances Titheridge, reputed Father John Sealy of Somborne in the County of Southampton.
Southampton St Michael Extra
6 February 1803 Eliza Tetheridge daughter of William Paskins and Elizabeth Tetheridge illegitimate.

In most cases, however, all that one can do is to assume that the father of the illegitimate child is the person the woman marries soon after the baptism.

David Tetheridge – a Mystery


When viewing the online Kent Parish Record for Brasted I found the following baptism entry:

23 February 1812 David son of Sarah Tetheridge B.B.  (with the B.B. underlined twice)

B. B.  is an abbreviation for Base Born and the clergy man obviously wanted it to be seen by all.

I had never come across David Tetheridge before and had no idea who Sarah was, and I could find no further record of either of them.

Looking through the Brasted Parish Records I found
Jane baptised on 12 January 1806 daughter of William and Sarah Tetheridge
Joseph baptised on 5 June 1808 son of William and Sarah Tetheridge
James baptised on 12 November 1809 son of (the late) William and Sarah Tetheridge

The last baptism had partly solved the mystery. Sarah was a widow and after William’s death had a child with someone else. Since the Parish Records of Brasted showed nothing else useful, I searched further afield. In Sundridge St Mary, one mile along the road, I found the marriage for Sar Totherage and Josiah Hodskins who married on 2 March 1812 (less than a month after David’s baptism).

The Story of David Tetheridge


By cross referencing the above information with 1841 and 1851 census and other parish records I was able to pull together the following facts.

Sarah Linsy (Linsey) was baptised in Warbleton, Sussex on 2 January 1780. In 1797 Sarah was living in Westerham, Kent and on 22 March 1797 she married William Teatherige in Brasted, Kent. William and Sarah had at least 3 children. William died in July 1809. After the death of William Sarah had an illegitimate child by Josiah Hodskins. The son David was baptised on 23 February 1812 and on 2 March 1812 Sarah married Josiah Hodskins . David, who had been christened a Tetheridge, took on his father’s surname. Sarah and Josiah had two addition children. The 1841 census showed Joshia and Sarah Hodskins aged 70 and 60 living at Ide Hill (3 miles away from Sundridge) and living with them was Esther Tetheridge. They were living next door to John Tetheridge, aged 45, and his family. John proved to be another of Sarah Williams’s children and Esther the grandchild. David, now called David Hodskins, married Sophia Welch at Sundridge in 1834 and they had at least 5 children. The 1851 census showed Sarah, now widowed, living in Sundridge with her son David Hodskins next door. Josiah Hodskins died in 1850 and Sarah died in 1854 both deaths registered under the surname Hoskins.

This is a classic example of how difficult it can be to trace children born to single mothers. David Tetheridge became David Hodskins and in fact was not a Tetheridge at all and this explained why I never found any further reference to him.

Thursday 23 January 2020

Ernest Titheridge and World War 1

George and Georgina Titheridge and their 8 children
Ernest is sitting on his mother's lap. Taken about 1902


In the previous blog I told the story of Ernest Titheridge’s Bravery Award in World War 2. While researching Ernest’s life I discovered this story about Ernest in World War 1.

The Titheridge Family 


Ernest was one of ten children born to George Titheridge and Georgina Hannibal over a 17-year period. The family moved around the London area quite a lot during this period but also spent a few years in Wales. Son George died in infancy and daughter Rose died aged seven. Ernest was the youngest of the family born on 6 May 1900. He died on 8 November 1976 at Wandsworth, aged 76. A faded family photograph can be seen on the left and his family tree can be seen at this link

George and Georgina's children were
  • Ruth born 1883 in Stoke Newington; died 1971
  • George David born 1884 in Stoke Newington; died 1885
  • Samuel born 1885 in Abergavenny; died 1957
  • Mary born 1886 in Newport
  • Lily born 1888 in Edmonton
  • Joseph born 1889 in South Hornsey; died 1917
  • William Henry born 1892 in Hackney; died 1851
  • Daisy born 1895 in Wandsworth
  • Rose born 1897 in Lambeth; died 1904
  • Ernest born 1900 in Lambeth; died 1976

World War 1 


By the start of World War 1 the family were living at 61 Stockwell Park Road, Brixton. George and Georgina’s surviving sons were Samuel aged 29, Joseph aged 25, William Henry aged 22 and Ernest aged 15.

William had joined the army in 1909 and was in the 13th Hussars. By December 1914 he was already fighting in France. His story has already been told in  a previous blog and his photograph, in uniform, can be found at this link .

Ernest’s brother Joseph joined up to the Sussex Regiment in October 1914 and in February 1915 his eldest brother Samuel joined up to 4th London Regiment.

This left 14-year-old Ernest at home with his parents and four sisters Ruth, Mary, Lily and Daisy. On the 5 May 1915 Ernest volunteered to join the army in the 23rd Battalion London Regiment. He was just one day short of 15 years old and lied about his age. On enlisting he gave his age as 19. Could he really have convinced the recruiting office that he was 4 years older than he was? Or were they so desperate for men that they turned a blind eye to this? We do not know why Ernest joined up; maybe he was unhappy at home, maybe he missed his brothers, maybe he wanted to be a grown up like his brothers or maybe he felt he should be defending his country against the Germans. Despite his youth Ernest was a good soldier and within 3 months was promoted to Lance Corporal and by 1 January 1916 he was promoted to Corporal, no mean feat for a 15-year-old.

Georgina's Action


One can only imagine the anguish of his mother Georgina, she had three sons in the army and then the fourth underage child joined up. However, he had been in the army 15 months before she acted to stop him being sent to war. Perhaps at first, she was happy for him to be earning money in the army; perhaps she was happy and proud for him to fight for his country; perhaps she didn’t know he had joined the army. Perhaps it was only when she realised the full horror of the war and the extent of the casualties being reported in the newspapers that she took action. It was some time in September that Georgina contacted the army authorities informing them that Ernest was under age and on 27 September 1916 he was stripped of his rank and reverted to the rank of Private. Georgina must have been told she had to write to formally request his release and had to produce evidence of his age. This would have proved a little difficult because for some unknown reason Ernest’s birth had never been officially registered. In Ernest’s Army Records is the letter written to the army authorities on 30th September requesting the release of Ernest from service on the grounds he was under age. Enclosed with the letter were his school certificate, and a declaration of his age. The letter reads


37 Angell Road
Brixton
SW

September 30th 1916

Dear Sir

Re my son Cpl E Titheridge 

I wish to claim his discharge from his Majestys Army on account of his youth. I enclose particulars of his birth as near as can be obtained as he was not registered. My motive for doing this is that I have three sons now serving in the Army.
Furthermore it is the boys wish.

I remain yours truly

Mrs Titheridge


As a result of the letter on Ernest was discharged from the army on 13 October 1916 when he was was just 16 years and 4 months, having served in the army for 1 year and 162 days. His official records show the reason for discharge as “having made a misstatement as to age on enlistment”. Fortunately, he had not been sent to fight in France.

His character report on his discharge papers says,
"He has been a clean, industrious and capable youth and is a willing and reliable worker."

His mother must have been so relieved when her youngest son was released from the army. Was he pleased? I’m afraid we don’t know. I have only discovered the story from his army records not from his family.

The 23rd Battalion London Regiment 


One of the best things I found when researching this story was a group photograph of the NCOs of the 23rd Battalion London Regiment, taken towards the end of 1915, which included a picture of Ernest. Ernest is in the back row the 7th person from the right. The picture can be seen at this link.

The Brothers' War


His brothers suffered mixed fortunes in the war. Joseph was killed in action in 1917, while Samuel was discharged wounded. William Henry was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for bravery. A link to William’s story is given above and you can read Joseph’s story at this link.

Boy Soldiers in World War 1


I wondered if Ernest’s story was unique. My research into this question revealed the statistics that it is estimated there were as many as 250,000 boys under the age of 18 in the army in World War 1. Their motives for joining up included patriotism, escapism and adventure. The rules were that men had to be 18 to join the army and a minimum height of 5-foot 3-inches tall with a minimum chest measurement of 34 inches. Ernest was in good health, 5-foot 6-inches tall and had a thirty five and a half inch chest, so he passed these joining criteria. Recruiting sergeants were paid for each recruit, so if the other criteria were met the age was often overlooked. There are stories of children as young as 12 joining up. I read the story of one boy who joined at 13 and died a year later at Ypres, aged 14. You can read more on the subject at this BBC link.



If you can add more to Ernest’s story, please get in touch.